the traits you mentioned are often mutations. There are a lot of color variations and phases that aren't mutations too. Such as, red T. radix, which technically you could call "erythristic" but I don't think it's a mutated gene that's responsible. Same goes for erythristic T. oridnoides. They're not mutants either but melanistic ones do have a mutated recessive gene. It's complicated and there are a lot of different things to learn but stick around for a year or two and you'll know them all.